Tw o genetic trails including eight seed sources o f three nativeAescu lus species and tw enty plus tree fam ilies o fA. chinensis var. chekiangensis from Tong lu o f Zhejiang w ere used to exp lore the genetic variation be tw eenand w ith in A esculus spec ies for seed, g row th and morpho logy tra its at seed ling and young stage. The resu lts demonstrated that there w ere significant d ifferences fo r g row th and morpho logy characteristics among eight provenances ofthreeAesculus species. Among threeAesculus species, seeds ofA. w ilsonii were the b igges,t seeds o fA. ch inensisthe m iddle and seeds ofA. chinensis var. chekiangensis the leas.t Seed sources o fA. w ilsonii w ith b igger seedsw eregenera lly from the southern and southw estern areas. Itw as found that the spec ies/provenances from the seed sourcesw ith b ig seeds possessed greater seedling grow th, ex tensive tap and la teral roo t system, and larger leaves. Seedlingtest resu lt o f species/provenance grow th w as no t used to pred icted the grow th performance at young stage, because ofmarked seedmaternal effec.t A. chinensis var. chekiangensis from Lin a'n o fZhe jiangw ith least seeds have best grow thperformance, and w hileA. w ilsonii from M abian of S ichuan w ith b iggest seeds exh ib itedm ediate grow th perform anceat age tw o. Moreover, there ex isted rich fam ily varia tion for g row th andmorpho logy of seed ling and young trees inA.chinensis var. chekiangensis. Seed ling g row th o f fam ilies w as sign ificantly and positive ly related to the ir young treegrow th. Early se lection o f grow th traits cou ld conduct at seedling stage.

采用温室盆栽的方法探讨了北美红杉1年生幼苗对不同N供应水平(0、0.05、0.11、0.16、0.21、0.32、0.42和0.63 g.L-1,0.21 g.L-1为对照)的生长反应,结果表明:(1)幼苗在完全供N水平(对照)时,苗高净增量为31.2cm;当供N水平降到一半(0.11 g.L-1)以下时(N3~N1),苗木的生长明显减缓,苗高净增量分别是对照的92.6%、83.0%和29.8%;供N水平增加2倍(0.63 g.L-1)时,苗高净增量为对照的70.8%。(2)当N供应水平降低(N4~N2)或缺N(N1)时,幼苗地下部分与地上部分比率(R/S)增加,缺N时为对照的2.1倍;净增生物量分配给根系的比例也明显增大,缺N时为56%。(3)在低N供应条件下,幼苗细根(D≤2 mm)的特定根长增加尤为明显,缺N时为14.9 m.g-1,是对照的169%;N供应过量时,细根的特定根长减小,在0.63 g.L-1供N水平(N8)时为6.0 m.g-1,约为对照的68%。

设计了低磷(5 mg.kg-1)和高磷(180 mg.kg-1)两个磷素处理水平的盆栽实验,研究马褂木6个代表性种源的磷效率特性差异及其相关性状的关系。结果表明,马褂木种源磷效率差异较大,其值变化在15.4%～38.9%。结合考虑种源对磷肥的敏感性及在不同磷素水平下的生长表现,认为湖南通道为耐低磷型或高磷效率的优良种源,而贵州黎平和湖南邵阳则分别为磷素中等敏感型和磷素敏感型优良种源。研究发现,马褂木种源磷效率与磷素的吸收效率有关,而与磷素的利用效率相关性较小。低磷水平下种源的干物质生产能力可很好地指示磷效率的大小。高磷效率的种源在磷胁迫条件下具有干物质积累量高、叶片宽大、数量多、须侧根发达等特点,而低磷效率种源的干物质积累量低、叶片窄小、须侧根不发达,并呈现缺磷症状。

利用来自11个省区25个三尖杉种源在福建明溪和浙江安吉两试验点开展苗期测定,研究种子、苗木形态与生长性状的种源差异。方差分析结果显示:来自不同产地的三尖杉,其种子、苗木形态与生长性状差异显著。试验观测到,来自东南部地区的三尖杉种源种子较长,苗高生长量较大,分枝稀少,而中西部地区的三尖杉种源种子较短,苗高生长量较小,分枝较多。三尖杉可明显地区分为长叶和短叶两种类型,东南部的种源多为长叶类型,而中西部地区的种源多为短叶类型,间有长叶类型分布。长叶类型三尖杉种源的种长、苗高和分枝数分别为短叶类型种源的116.8%、156.2%和1.54%。相关分析发现,较之于北部的长叶类型三尖杉种源,来自于南部的长叶类型种源苗高生长量较大,地径有增大的趋势;短叶类型三尖杉种源的苗木高径生长没有明显的纬向变异模式,其地径生长与产地经度存在一定程度的正相关。

Soil culture experiments at two phosphorus levels were conducted to study the physiological responses(including chlorophyll content,MDA and soluble protein content,and APase activity in roots and leaves) of six Liriodendron chinese provenances with different phosphorus efficiency(PE). The result showed that low phosphorus stress would decelerate seedling growth and leaf development,lessen chlorophyll content and MDA content in leaves,and promote APase activity in root.There existed marked differences in physiological response among provenances with various PE under low phosphorus stress.It was found that the provenances with high PE possessed more and larger leaves,higher chlorophyll and soluble protein content than those provenances with low PE.Change of MDA content in leaves of provenances with high PE was small at two phosphorus levels,which meant the provenances with high PE were more resistive to environment stress.

在2005年底,对福建建瓯、浙江淳安和庆元的3年生37个产地的木荷种源试验林进行了全面调查,系统研究了幼林生长和分枝性状的种源差异、种源与环境互作及地理变异模式。结果表明:木荷树高、当年抽梢长度、地径、冠幅及侧枝总数、侧枝长和侧枝粗等分枝性状都存在显著的种源效应,木荷地理种源分化明显。造林区立地生境和造林地立地条件对木荷种源生长影响显著,如福建建瓯点3年生种源平均树高较北缘区浙江淳安点和高海拔山地浙江庆元点分别提高了24.1%和18.0%。木荷树高、当年抽梢长度、冠幅、侧枝总数等存在显著的种源×地点和种源×重复/地点互作,不同种源在各区试点上的生长相对表现差异显著。相关分析表明,木荷生长和分枝性状的地理变异模式因区试点环境条件差异而迥异。在中心分布区的福建建瓯点,种源生长和分枝性状与产地纬度相关性显著,呈典型的纬向地理变异模式,速生种源主要来源于分布区的中南部;在北缘区的浙江淳安点,种源高径生长与产地经纬度相关性较小,仅发现侧枝总数和树冠浓密度与产地纬度呈一定程度的负相关,速生种源主要来源于分布区的中部;而在较高海拔区的浙江庆元点,由于环境相对恶劣,木荷种源生长和分枝性状与产地纬度呈显著的正相关,偏北部种源的早期生长表现较好。基于种源幼林测定结果,分别从中心分布区和北缘区初选了一批速生用材和生物防火优良种源。

The experiment on four exotic alder including Alnus glutinosa, A. rubra, A. nitida and A. incana growing under four different concentrations of nitrogen was conducted in a greenhouse in order to research the alder’s responses under different nitrogen concentrations and stresses. The results showed that the growing parameters of alder on the survival percent of transplanting, plant height, ground diameter, biomass, root-top ratio, relative content of chlorophyll (SPAD) and rooting parameters (length, superficial area, volume and tips of root) were significant among different materials and different nitrogen concentrations, the different level of nitrogen significantly affected the growth of alder. Specifically, the survival percent of transplanting went down with the going up of nitrogen concentration, and the plant height, ground diameter, relative content of chlorophyll and rooting parameters went up when nitrogen varied from 0 to 1/2 normal nitrogen, yet went down at one or two times of normal nitrogen (E. G. Bollard formula). The relative content of chlorophyll went up with the concentration of nitrogen increasing from 0 to 2 normal nitrogen, and its trend during one year period showed rising firstly and then descending. The relationship between the value of SPAD and biomass did not appear positive correlation. The appropriate concentration for growing on alder was 1/2 normal nitrogen. The order of performance of growth among the four alder was Alnus glutinosa, A. rubra, A. nitida and A. incana. So, A. glutinosa and A. rubra potentially could be used as plantation trees of ecological protection and short-rotation lumber in the beach and low hills of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

[目的] 基于转录组数据开发适用于桤木属树种的SSR标记，揭示其在转录组序列中的分布类型及特征，为桤木属树种分子标记辅助育种提供有利工具。[方法] 利用MicroSAtellite（MISA）软件对所有转录组序列进行SSRs搜索，并对SSR位点的数量、分布特征进行统计分析。设计100对SSR引物，采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳分离检测方法对3种不同倍性桤木属植物（12份材料）进行遗传多样性检测，确定引物多态性及通用性。[结果] 85 769条Unigenes序列中发现8 678个SSR位点，分布在8 298条Unigenes中发生频率为9.67%，转录组序列中平均每14.04 kb长度就有一个SSR位点分布。其中，二核苷酸重复类型数量最多，占65.87%。根据转录组Unigenes序列，利用Primer 3软件共设计出4 531对符合要求的引物，挑选出的100对SSR引物中，获得18对多态性高、稳定性好的SSR引物。[结论] 本研究可扩增出多态性位点的引物重复单元以二、三核苷酸重复为主。基于桤木属转录组序列的SSR标记开发是可行的，开发的引物为桤木属遗传多样性分析、分子育种、遗传图谱构建和功能基因的挖掘提供了丰富的候选分子标记。

目的 研究木本植物枫香幼苗在不同浓度铅胁迫下的生长及元素微区分布和化学形态特征，探讨枫香铅耐受机制。 方法 利用水培法，研究枫香幼苗在不同浓度铅（0、50、100、200和400 mg·L^-1）胁迫下其生物量、叶绿素含量的变化及对铅的吸收与积累。采用化学试剂提取法分析铅在枫香植株体内存在的化学形态，并进一步采用同步辐射X射线荧光（SRXRF）技术研究铅以及其它元素在枫香根系的微区分布。 结果 枫香幼苗在不同浓度铅胁迫下叶片表现一定程度的毒害效应。根系生物量在铅低浓度处理（50 mg·L^-1）时较对照组有一定程度增加，并且各处理组生物量耐性指数均大于0.90。铅胁迫下枫香幼苗叶片光合色素较对照组显著下降。短期试验表明，枫香幼苗对铅的吸收量大，且主要积累在植株根系，其转移系数均小于0.10。枫香幼苗叶片和根系中以盐酸提取态和醋酸提取态铅为主，其次为氯化钠提取态铅。SRXRF分析表明，枫香根组织中的表皮层区域铅浓度较高。 结论 短期水培试验表明，铅主要赋存在枫香幼苗根系表皮层区域，同时铅主要与磷酸盐配体和草酸盐配体相结合，这可能是枫香幼苗在不同铅浓度胁迫下具有较高耐性的原因。